Tlhaloso ea mefuta le malebela a ho hlokomela li-primroses tse sa feleng

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Primrose, e tsoang ho Latin Primus (ea pele), e boetse e bitsoa Primrose, kaha li thunya har'a lipalesa tsa pele mathoasong a selemo, ha lehloa le ntse le sa qhibilihe ka botlalo.

Li hola haholo-holo Asia, Chaena Bophirima le Himalaya (mefuta e 300), tse ling kaofela Europe, Russia, Transcaucasia (mefuta e 33). E khetha libaka tsa bolulo tse metsi, empa ka mobu o bobebe: makhulo, mabopo a matamo, linoka tse hlakileng le tse lithaba. Bala ka mefuta ea lipalesa tsena tse ntle, melemo ea eona le ts'ebeliso ea eona sengoloeng.

Mefuta le tlhaloso

TLHOKOMELO SEHLOHO: Haholo-holo mefuta e sa feleng ea li-primrose, litlama tse sa tloaelehang tsa biennial le selemo le selemo. Lipalesa li lula li le mong kapa li bokelloa ka pyramidal, chitja, mosamo, tiered (candelabra), carpal (sebopeho sa tšepe) le li-inflorescence tsa umbellate.

Mosamo... Lipalesa tsa mefuta ena li lula li le 'ngoe ka li-peduncle tse khutšoane, li phahama hanyane kaholimo ho mosamo oa makhasi.
Umbellate... Lipalesa li bokelloa ka sekhele se lehlakoreng le le leng kapa se chitja ho peduncle e le 'ngoe.
Capitate (chitja)... Li-inflorescence tse teteaneng.
Nako e telele (candelabra)... Li-inflorescence mekhahlelo e mengata.
Sebopeho sa tšepe... Inflorescence ea lipalesa tse leketlileng kapa tse leketlileng.

Ho ea ka tlhophiso ea Royal Society of Gardeners ea Great Britain, ho na le lihlopha tse 3 tsa lirapa tsa li-primroses:

Candelabra (e tiered).
Auricula (auricular). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li arotsoe ka alpine (kantle), moeli (bethe ea lipalesa), pontšo (potted).
Primrose-polyanthus.

Ka tlase ke tafole ea mefuta e fapaneng e nang le tlhaloso.

Mefuta ea Primrose	Tlhaloso	Tšimoloho
Earsal (tsebe ea bere, auricula)	Makhasi a maputsoa a maputsoa a makhuts'oane ebile a teteaneng. Sebopeho sa makhasi se ovoid, kutu e bolelele ba 5-20 cm. Qetellong ho na le lipalesa tse 6-7 tse mosehla, tse tšoeu, tse bopherese kapa tse pherese.	Lithabeng tsa Europe Bohareng, Lithabeng tsa Bophirimela
Obkonika (ka morao conical)	Semela sa squat se nang le lipalesa tse kholo. Lipalesa li na le lilac e 'mala o mosehla ka leihlo le mosehla' me li theha li-inflorescence tsa umbellate.	E hlaha naheng ea China
Meno a meno a matle	E fihla bolelele ba 30 cm le bophara. Makhasi a pharaletseng, a sephara-oval, a bolelele ba 20-40 cm, a koahetsoe ka thōko, a sosobane. Lipalesa (1.5 cm) pherese, lilac, ka linako tse ling li khubelu, li tšoeu.	Lithaba tsa Asia Boroa-bochabela, Himalaya, China le Indochina
Ha e na letho (e tloaelehileng)	Lipalesa ka mahlaka a makhutšoane 6-10 cm, makhasi a botala, a sosobaneng, a sililoe ka mathoko. Sebopeho sa makhasi ke oblong-oval, lanceolate, bolelele ba 5-25 cm le bophara ba cm 2-4. Lipalesa li le 'ngoe, bosehla bo bobebe kapa bo basoeu ka' metso o mosehla.	Carpathians, Transcaucasia, Europe Bophirimela, Algeria, Middle East
Terry Rosanna	Meetso ea letlalo e nang le methapo e tepeletseng maikutlo. Lipalesa li kholo (3-4 cm), li pinki. Bophahamo ba lisenthimithara tse 10-15. Semela sa lipalesa tsa pele.	Europe Bohareng, Carpathians
Bosiu (mantsiboea)	Semela sa moriana sa biennial se bolelele ba 50 cm, se bolelele ba lanceolate se siea bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 25. Lipalesa li le 'notši li le' notši.	Amerika e Leboea
Vialya (orchid)	Pono ea li-candelabra tse mekato e mengata e nang le inflorescence e pherese e bopehileng joaloka kerese.	Himalaya, Tibet, Chaena Bophirimela
Candelabra	E ka ba bolelele le bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 60. Makhasi a maholo a bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 22. Lipalesa tse nyane (ho fihlela ho 2 cm) lipalesa tse bosehla bo 'mala oa lamunu kapa o mofubelu bo pinki li bokelloa ka har'a inflorescence tsa likotoana tse 8-16.	Ho tsoa libakeng tse mongobo tsa lithaba tsa China
Siebold	Bophahamo ba lisenthimithara tse 30, bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 45. Makhasi a lisenthimithara tse 20. Lipalesa tse tsoang bopherese bo bosoeu ho isa ho bosoeu li bokelloa ka har'a li-inflorescence tsa li-PC tse 15. Kamora ho thunya, makhasi a shoa.	Japane
Polyanthus (lipalesa tse ngata, Victoria)	Lilemo tse peli. Bophahamo ba lisenthimithara tse 20-30. Lipalesa tse kholo li bokelloa ka inflorescence ea likotoana tse 5-15, tse mebala e 'meli ka leihlo le khanyang.	Transcaucasia, Ural, Iran
Sejapane	Bophahamo le bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 45, li siea lisenthimithara tse 25. Lipalesa li nyane (2 cm) ho tloha bofubelu bo bopherese ho isa ho tšoeu, li bokelloa ka likotoana tse 5-25 ka li-curls tse 1-6.	Ho tsoa libakeng tse mongobo tsa Japane
Bopinki	Li-rosette tse makatsang li lula li le teng. Bophahamo le bophara ba cm 20, makhasi a fihlang ho 20 cm, lipalesa (2.5 cm) tse bofubelu bo bofubelu bo nang le leihlo le mosehla li bokelloa ho inflorescence ea likotoana tse 4-12.	Afghanistan, Nepal
Cortical	Bophahamo le bophara ba 20-30 cm, e siea cm 9. Lipalesa (2 cm) tse ntle, tse bopehileng joaloka tšepe, tse bofubelu bo pinki, tse pinki, tse khubelu-violet, li bokelloa ka li-inflorescence tsa likotoana tse 15.	Ho tsoa merung ea Siberia ea Bochabela le Europe, likhohlong tse nang le moriti, haufi le linoka le linoka.
Danessa	E bua ka mefuta e se nang limela. Lipalesa tse kholo li bokelloa ka inflorescence e teteaneng e chitja. Makhasi a lelelele.	Europe Bophirimela le Bohareng, Carpathians
Mealy (e fafalitsoeng)	Makhasi, haholo-holo ka tlase, ho na le palesa e tšoeu e ngata. Bophahamo ba semela 15-20 cm, spatulate-lanceolate makhasi a bolelele ba 8 cm, meno a meno a meno. Lipalesa (1 cm) li na le lilac tse khanyang kapa tse lefifi tse nang le leihlo le mosehla, tse bokelloang ka inflorescences.	Asia
Phallo e kholo (senoelo se seholo)	Bophahamo ba lisenthimithara tse 15-35, makhasi a haufinyane ha a phatlalatsoa, a oblong-ovate ka li-denticles tse sa hlakang. Bolelele ba makhasi ke lisenthimithara tse 15, bophara ke lisenthimithara tse 2-6. Lipalesa tse bopehileng joaloka tšepe li na le bosehla bo khanyang bo nang le setsi sa lamunu, se bokelloang ka likotoana tse 6-20 ka inflorescence, e sekametseng lehlakoreng le leng.	Siberia ea Bophirima le Bochabela, Transcaucasia, Iran Leboea
Bissa	E ka ba bolelele le bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 60. Lipalesa tse nyane (tse ka bang 2 cm) tse pherese kapa tse khubelu li bokelloa ka inflorescence ea likotoana tse 8-16.	Ho tsoa Chaena
Bulley	E shebahala joaloka Byssa primrose, mofuta o molelele, bophahamo le bophara ba cm 60, e siea lisenthimithara tse 30. Lipalesa ho tloha ka tranelate ho ea lamunu, likotoana tse 5 ho li-curls tse 5-7.	Ho tsoa libakeng tse lithaba tsa China
Moriri	Evergreen primrose e bophahamo ba lisenthimithara tse 10, bophara ba 25 cm, e siea lisenthimithara tse 8. Lipalesa (1.5-2.5 cm) mauve ka leihlo le lesoeu tse bokelletsoeng likheleng tsa likhahla tsa likotoana tse 10-15.	Lithaba tsa Alps
Florinda	Li-rosette primrose tse makatsang. Bophahamo ba cm cm 120, bophara ba 90 cm, bo siea lisenthimithara tse 45. Cream tubular, lipalesa tse mosehla li bokelloa ka li-inflorescence tse leketlileng.	Ka boroa-bochabela Tibet
Holimo	Bophahamo ba 10-40 cm, oval oval makhasi a 5-15 cm, bolelele, 2-6 cm ka bophara, pubescent. Lipalesa tse khanyang tse mosehla (9-15 mm) li bokelloa ka li-inflorescence tsa umbellate tsa likotoana tse 10-30.	Europe Leboea, Carpathians, Transcaucasia, boroa ho Siberia

Setšoantšo

Sheba foto ea primrose ea tsebe.

Hona le foto ea primrose ea Japane.

Sena ke seo mefuta e fapaneng ea "spherical primrose" e shebahalang setšoantšong.

Setšoantšo se latelang sa obkonik primrose.

Setšoantšo sena se bonts'a primrose ea mantsiboea.

E latelang ke foto ea primrose e meno a matle.

Hape sheba foto ea terry primrose.

Ka tlase foto ea primrose e tšoeu.

Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang tsa nako e telele

Meroho ea Primrose e na le asiti e ngata ea ascorbic, carotene le oli ea bohlokoa. Makhasi a tsona a tšeloa sopho ebe a etsoa salate. Metso le makhasi a omisitsoeng a kenyelletsoa ho besitsoeng. Li-decoctions tse tsoang makhasi le li-infusions tse tsoang ho li-rhizomes li sebelisoa meriana ea setso:

E lebelletse mafu a karolo e kaholimo ea phefumoloho.
Ho kokobetsa bohloko bakeng sa ramatiki.
Diuretic bakeng sa lefu la liphio.
Bakeng sa ho opeloa ke hlooho, methapo ea kutlo le ho hlobaela.
Bakeng sa matšoafo a matšoafo, li-hematomas.

Mohlala, decoction ea powdery primrose e sebelisoa meriana ea setso ho phekola dermatitis le ho ntlafatsa kholo ea moriri. Cortex e sebelisoa e le pheliso e lebisang le e kokobetsang bohloko. Li-decoction tsa mofuta ona li thusa ka lefu la sethoathoa, ho se utloe le ho akheha. Rhizome ea primrose ea senoelo se seholo e sebelisoa e le expectorant; vithamine C e fumanoa lipalesa le makhasi.

Kopo ea likhahla, libethe tsa lipalesa, libethe tsa lipalesa

KELETSO: Primrose e le semela se koahelang fatše se tla lekana ka botlalo libetheng tse kopaneng tsa lipalesa (li-mixborder) tsa limela tse sa feleng. Mefuta ea eona e tlokomang e tla shebahala e le ntle nakong ea likhahla.

Li-auricles (tse bōpehileng joaloka tsebe) tse nang le makhasi a pubescent ke tsona tse thata ka ho fetesisa le tse sa hlompheheng, tse loketseng li-slide tsa alpine le lirapa tse majoe, lirapa tsa rose. Mefuta le mefuta ea semela sena e fapane haholo hoo U ka theha serapa sa mono se le seng feela ho tsoa ho li-primroses - primularia.

Meno a meno a matle a sebelisoa haholo lirapeng le lirapeng tsa boikhathollo e le semela se thibang likhahla, libetheng tsa lipalesa, li-slide tsa alpine, ka lihlopha mohloeng. Mefuta e nyalisitsoeng ea Primrose e ntle bakeng sa lijalo tse nang le pitsa.

Mefuta e phahameng ea primrose e khaola. Ho atleha ho sa tloaelehang ebile ho ntlafalitsoe, empa ke ha nakoana, li holisoa e le biennials. Li lenngoe haufi le 'mele ea metsi, melatsoana, maralleng a maralla a alpine le rockeries (lipalesa tse khanyang li shebahala li le ntle khahlano le semelo sa majoe le majoana).

Senoelo se seholo se hlahisang litšoantšo 'me se fumanoa libakeng tse ommeng tsa lithaba le masabasabeng... E loketse li-curbs, litoropo, mokhabiso oa mohloa, ho qobella.

Ho jala peo

Ha o lema primrose ho tsoa peo, ho molemo ho lema lipalesa eseng hanghang mobung, empa le lipeo tse holileng maemong a sethopo. Ho jala peo ha hoa lokela ho qala pejana ho Hlakola, hobane primrose e nka nako e telele ho hola, e hola butle mme peo e hloka stratification e tlamang (kalafo e batang) le pele e jala.

Stratification e nka matsatsi a 10-25 ka mocheso o tlase empa o le motle (sehatsetsi, foranteng, kamoreng e ka tlase). Ho mela ha peo ho etsahala ho fihlela letlobo la pele le hlaha ka matsatsi a 25-30 ka mocheso oa 12-18 ° С.

Kamora ho hlaha ha makhasi a pele a 2-3, lipeo li qoela ebe li kenella ka lipitsa tse arohaneng. Sebakeng se bulehileng, letlobo le holileng le lenngoe kamora ho qala ha mocheso o tsitsitseng. Ho eletsoa ho jala limela tsa mefuta-futa selemong sa bobeli sa bophelo qetellong ea Mots'eanong.

Re buile ka litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa ho jala primrose lapeng le serapeng, hape le ka tlhokomelo le temo sehloohong sena.

Tlhokomelo serapeng

Primula e ela hloko maemo a matle a litlamong, e arabela ka moriti o khotsofatsang haholoanyane oa lipalesa, boholo bo boholo, bongata le nako ea lipalesa. Mathoasong a selemo le ho ea qetellong ea lehlabula, limela li fepa ka manyolo a manyolo, humus.

Se ke oa sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa naetrojene hampe, ho seng joalo makhasi a tla hola haholo, 'me u kanna oa se ke oa emela lipalesa. Fana ka metsi a mangata nakong ea lipalesa (Mots'eanong-Phuptjane). Mobu o lokela ho ba mongobo le o hlephileng, u se ke oa lebala ho o lokolla kamora ho nosetsa.

Joale, nakong ea ho phomola (Phupu-Phato), ba netefatsa feela hore lefats'e ha le ome. Qetellong ea Phato, primrose e qala ho hola hape mme e hloka ho nosetsoa. Kamora ho thunya, makhasi a phahama.

Ha ho lokisetsoa primrose ea mariha, limela tsa mefuta-futa, kaha ha li na manganga ebile li batla haholo, li koahetsoe ke makhasi ebe li fafatsoa ka mulch e nang le phepo e ommeng. Tlohela makhasi mariha ho ba sireletsa serameng, 'me nakong ea selemo, makhasi a khale a koahetsoeng ka holimo a ka felisoa. Kahoo, likarolo tsa li-primroses tse holang:

Ba khetha moriti o sa fellang.
Mobu o nang le mobu o nonneng hantle.
Ho mamella komello.
Ba hloka karohano khafetsa ea lihlahla le ho kenya limela.
Ho tsitsinyeha ha metsi mobung hammoho le hypothermia ho kotsi.

U ka fumana litaelo tse qaqileng mabapi le ho hlokomela primrose lapeng le serapeng mona.

Ho kenyelletsa lipalesa

Ho kenyelletsa ho hlokahala lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 3-4, le mefuta e habeli kamora lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse peli. Ha li mamelle sebaka se bulehileng lipakeng tsa tsona, ha li kenya limela, hopola hore makhasi a mabenkele a boahelani a tlameha ho ama, lijalo li tlameha ho koaloa. Mefuta e menyenyane e lenngoe hole le cm 15-20 ho tloha ho e mong, limela tse kholo li 20-30 cm.

Primrose e hola hantle moriting oa lihlahla le lifate tsa serapeng, e qoba ho chaba ha letsatsi.... Mekhelo feela ke mefuta ea lithaba. O khetha mobu o bobebe o monyang mobu o nang le phallo e ntle, moo metsi a ke keng a ema.

BOHLOKOA: Haeba mobu o le boima, joalo ka letsopa, lehlabathe, humus, manyolo ka litlama le sphagnum moss (kapa peat) lia eketsoa. Ho khetha mobu o sa nke lehlakore.

U ka bala ka ho kenya le ho jala li-primroses ka hoetla boitsebisong ba rona.

Ho ikatisa

Primrose e ata ka peo, karohano ea lihlahla le makhapetla a makhasi.

Ha ho aroloa ke letlobo ho elella bofelong ba Phato kapa mathoasong a Loetse, semela sa motsoali (uterine) se nkuoa se le lilemo li 4-5.

E nosetsoa haholo, e chekoa fatše ebe e hlohloreloa metso. Ba arola metso ka likarolo tse 'maloa ka thipa e bohale, ba fafatsa likarolo ka k'habone kapa molora o sebelisitsoeng ebe ba o lema hanghang libakeng tse ncha.

Haeba semela se na le sehokelo se le seng feela, o ka se phatlalatsa ka letlobo la axillary.... Lekhasi la primrose le nang le "petiole" le "bud" le arotsoe ho semela sa motsoali, lekhasi le sehiloe ka halofo ebe le tšeloa mobung o lokisitsoeng o nang le phepo, o mongobo o itekanetseng.

Lehlaka le mela ka mocheso oa 16-18 ° C sebakeng se khanyang, empa ntle le khanya ea letsatsi. Ha letlobo le nang le makhasi a 3-4 le hlaha ho tsoa ho Bud, le ka fetisoa ka lipitsa tse arohaneng ebe le lengoa mobung o bulehileng nakong ea selemo.

Ho jala peo ho boima haholo, ho hlokahala kalafo ea pele ea serame (stratification) nakong ea libeke tse 3-4. Ebe peo e mela matsatsi a 30 ka mocheso o tlase oa 12-18 ° C.

Kamora hore makhasi a pele a hlahe, limela li a qoela ebe li lenngoe ka lipitseng bakeng sa ho holisa lipeo tse matla (bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi mabapi le hore na o jala primrose joang le neng, hape o hola le ho jala lipalesa, bala mona). Sebakeng se bulehileng, lipeo li lengoa selemong se hlahlamang.

Primrose e tla ba poloko ea 'nete serapeng sa hau haeba e sa ithorise ka libaka tse nang le letsatsi. Mefuta ea primrose ena e mebala ebile e fapane haholo hoo o ka etsang serapa sa mono, se nang le lipalesa tsena feela - li-primoires.

Shebella video e mabapi le mefuta ea primrose, kholo, tlhahiso le thepa ea eona e molemo:

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