Mefuta e mengata ea rhododendron le melao ea ho e hlokomela
Mefuta e mengata ea li-rhododendrons tse sa tloaelehang - lik'hapete tse khanyang - lipalesa tse teteaneng tse koahelang lipalesa li nka sebaka se ikhethang mokhabiso oa lirapeng tsa boikhathollo le lirapa. Sehlopha se seholo sa limela tsa lelapa la Heather se kopane tlasa lebitso le akaretsang "Rhododendron".
Hoo e batlang e le limela tsohle tsa mofuta ona li khetholloa ka lipalesa tse ntle le tse tlokomang, li khahloa ke botle ba lipalesa tse pinki, tse tšoeu, tse pherese, tse pherese le tse khubelu tsa libopeho le boholo bo fapaneng ho tloha ho 3 ho isa ho 20 cm ka bophara. Li-rhododendrons tse ka hare li bitsoa azaleas.
Tlhaloso e khuts'oane
Rhododendron e monyane ke ea lelapa la Heather la mofuta oa Rodotamnus. Mefuta ea tlhaho e mela libakeng tse majoe tsa Alps, tse fumanehang Jeremane, Austria, Slovenia.
Tlhaloso e qaqileng
Rhwarodendron ea sehlahla ke sehlahla se lulang se le setala se holang ka tlase se holang ka bolelele bo sa feteng cm 50 - 60 ha e se e le motho e moholo. Moqhaka o motenya, o bopehile joaloka mosamo. Likutu li ngata, li phahamisitsoe, li na le mafahla 'me li hasana fatše. Makhasi a manyane, a bolelele ba 3 - 4 cm, botala bo lefifi. Li hola ka tsela e 'ngoe, li sebopeho se bolelele, ka linako tse ling li khutlela morao - li-convex. Poleiti ea lekhasi e koahetsoe ke boea kapa sekala, ho latela sehlopha se ka tlase.
Lipalesa li na le li-axillary, tse bōpehileng joaloka tšepe kapa tse bōpehileng joaloka calyx, tse nyenyane ho fihlela ho 4 - 5 cm bophara. Li-inflorescence li bokelloa lipalesa tse 2 - 3, li lenngoe ka bongata. Mebala e fapane haholo - sirilamunu e bonolo, pinki, raspberry, bofubelu bo lefifi. Litholoana li butsoa ka capsule ea longitudinal. Motso o bataletse, bolelele ba 30 - 40 cm sehlahla se seng se seholo.
Nalane ea tšimoloho
Rhododendron e nyane ke ea li-endemics tsa Alpine ka Bochabela. Mefuta ea tsona e lekanyelitsoe, ka bomalimabe, mefuta ea tlhaho ke ea limela tse sa tloaelehang, mefuta e mengata e thathamisitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu.
Dwarf rhododendron ke mokhabiso oa sehlahla, ka ho nka karolo ha ona ho ikatiseng ha sejoale-joale, poone e ngata ea khale ea calmiopsis, lipalesa tsa Phyllodocea tsa lelapa la Heather.
Phapang ke efe liphoofolong tse ling?
Phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa mefuta e menyenyane ea rhododendron ke hore eksotiske ke ea calcephiles, ke hore, e phela ka tlhaho ka khalsiamo, lejoe la mokoetla, mobu oa tjhoko matsoapong a majoe. Mefuta e meng e thunya hape ka Phato-Loetse.
Mefuta e sa holang haholo le linepe tsa tsona
Ludlovi Wren
Rhododendron ludlowii "Wren" ke sehlahla se lulang se le setala se lulang se le setala se hatelletsoeng fatshe. Bophahamo ba sehlahla se mosesane bo fihla ho cm 20 - 30. Lipalesa ke sirilamunu e khanyang, e boholo bo mahareng. Makhasi a lula a le setala, a manyane, a malelele, a ka fihla ho 2,5 - 3 cm ka bolelele. Karolelano ea ho hanyetsa serame, empa ka sekoahelo sa fir e mamella serame hantle.
Baden Baden
Sehlahla se hahabang, se tlase, bolelele ba sona bo fihla ho cm 50 - 60. Moqhaka o motenya, o oa, o tšoana le mosamo, o khumame. Lipalesa li bōpehile joaloka tšepe, li na le sekareleta, li phatsima. Makhasi a mahareng, a sephara, a malelele, a botala bo lefifi, a kanna a ba lefifi.
Motso ha o na botebo, o senyeha habonolo, o senyeha habonolo ha o hlepha. E thunya kapele, ka Mots'eanong. E ka hola ka letsatsi le felletseng. Karolelano ea serame se hanyetsang, e mamella mocheso o theohela ho -27 ºС
Krumlov
Morung o teteane, o lula o le motala, o mokhutšoane. E hola ho fihla ho cm 50. Moqhaka o motenya haholo, o pharaletseng, o hola ho fihla ho cm 80 - 90. Makhasi a manyane, a sephara, a sephara, a fihla ho 4 - 5 cm ka bolelele. Lipalesa li bonolo lilac, li thunya bohareng ba Mots'eanong.
Ba khona ho mamella serame ho fihlela ho 26 ºS, ha feela sebaka sa ho lula se sirelelitsoe ho moea o fokang, moriting o ferekaneng kapa libakeng tse chabetsoeng ke shading. E thehiloe Czech Republic, e reheletsoe ka toropo ea Krumlov - sebaka sa tsoalo sa kantle ho naha.
Amethiste
Morung o na le tšobotsi e ikhethang - moqhaka o motenya haholo, o bitsoa rhododendron e teteaneng. Sehlahla se lulang se le setala sa evergreen, ha se hōle halofo ea mithara ha se le motho e moholo. Lipalesa li bokelloa ka li-inflorescence tse kholo, tse nyane ka boholo, li lenngoe ka thata holima bakoang, li etsa moqhaka o teteaneng. Shrub e thunya ho elella bofelong ba Mots'eanong ka lipalesa tse pherese tse lefifi tse nang le 'mala o moputsoa.
Makhasi a sephara, a mahareng, a bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 2 - 3, a pharaletse, bophara ba lekhasi - cm 2,5 - 3. Sebopeho sa makhasi se na le makhapetla ka mahlakore ka bobeli. Ho hanyetsa serame ho itekanetse, ho fihlela ho - 26 ºС. E khetha moriti o sa fellang le substrate e ruileng humus.
Elvira
Mofuta o hahabang oa rhododendron, sehlahla se atoloha haufi le substrate ka bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 40 - 50. Lipalesa li mahareng, ho fihlela bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 5, sebopeho se bopehileng joaloka faneli, 'mala o mofubelu o lefifi ka' mala o nang le matheba a lefifi karolong e bohareng ea petala. Makhasi a ntse a bilikisa, a le mahlahahlaha.
Inflorescences - matlo a kotuloa ho fihlela lipalesa tse 10. Makhasi a chitja, a bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 4 - 6. Morung ha o mamelle komello haholo. Mefuta e fapaneng e hanela serame haholo, 'me e ka koaheloa le mokato oa substrate, e ka mamella ho fihlela ho -30 ºС.
Palesa
E etsahala neng hona joang?
Palesa ea rhododendron e fana ka seatla se bulehileng, e ngata, e etsahala ka Mots'eanong kapa qalong ea Phuptjane. E nka libeke tse 3. Moqhaka o motenya, o kopane, o batla o sa bonahale nakong ea lipalesa. Mefuta e mengata e ka thunya hape ho elella bofelong ba Phato le mathoasong a Loetse.
Maemo a ho koalloa
Rhododendron e nyane hangata e fetisoa pele le kamora ho thunya. Nakong ea ho butsoa ha li-buds, mocheso o lokela ho fokotsoa ho fihla ho 10 - 12 ° C. Kamora ho thunya, letlobo le lelelele haholo le khaoloa. Li-inflorescence tsa khale li tlameha ho khaoloa hang hang kamora ho thunya bakeng sa lipalesa tse tlang.
Ho thoe'ng haeba ho se na li-buds?
Bakeng sa lipalesa tse ngata le ho theoa ha li-buds tse ncha, o hloka ho fepa sehlahla ka superphosphate. U lokela ho hlahloba lihlahla bakeng sa li-fungus le tse senyang lijalo serapeng.
Sebelisa moralo oa sebopeho
Li-rhododendrons tse nyane li sebelisoa ho theha li-slide tsa alpine, lirapa tse tsoakiloeng ka majoe - li-mixborder. Mefuta e fapaneng e shebahala e le ntle ha e hlophisoa le li-thujas, li-cypress le mefuta e meng ea limela.
Mefuta e meng ea li-rhododendrons e sebelisoa haholo ho meralo ea naha, mohlala: Azurro, Fantastic, Francesca, Rasputin, Ledebura, Zolotisty, Daursky, Polarnacht, Schlippenbach le Katevbinsky. Li khetholloa ka 'mala oa tsona o khanyang, libopeho tse fapaneng tsa makhasi' me li na le nako e fapaneng ea lipalesa.
Tlhokomelo
Ho khetha sebaka se nepahetseng
Bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea limela, sebaka se nepahetseng sa ho lema ke libaka tse nang le moriti. Ho hotle ho lema mefuta ena haufi le linalete, tlasa moriti oa eona o hasaneng, lipalesa li sirelelitsoe letsatsing le chesang le moeeng o matla.
Mobu e lokela ho ba eng?
Mobu oa rhododendron o monyane o hlephile, o noloe, o mongobo, empa ha o mongobo. Sebaka se hlokahalang:
- naha ea lakane - lihora tse 3;
- peat - lihora tse 2;
- matlakala a coniferous - hora e le 'ngoe;
- menontsha ea diminerale - 60 - 70 g ka sekoting se le seng sa ho lema.
Bohlokoa! Ho ke ke sa rateheng ho eketsa sawdust, chernozem, molora ho substrate.
Ho lula
Nako e ntle ea ho lema rhododendron e nyane ke mathoasong a selemo. Sekema sa ho lula:
Cheka mokoti o botebo ba 50 cm le bophara ba 70 cm.
- Beha lera la drainage bonyane botenya ba 20 cm.
- Sebaka se pakeng tsa lihlahla ke 1.5 - 2 m.
- Motso o tšeloa ka molaleng oa motso.
- Motso ha oa patoa; o 2 cm kaholimo ho bophahamo ba mobu.
- Beha sekoahelo sa mulch.
- Nosetsa sethopo ka bongata.
Sebopeho sa mulch ke peat, linalete, lera ho fihlela ho 6 cm.
Mocheso
Mofuta ona o hanela serame, ha o mamelle ho theoha ha mocheso ho isa ho -25 ° C. Rhododendron dwarf e khetha boemo ba leholimo bo pholileng, bo mongobo, mocheso o motle ke 10 - 12 ° C.
Ho nosetsa
Ho nosetsa rhododendron e nyane ho hloka metsi a mangata nakong ea leholimo le chesang le lehlabula. Mariha, nosetsa e fokotsoe ka makhetlo a 2.
Metsi a lokela ho ba:
- acidified;
- hlakotsoe
- sireletsa;
- pula.
Sehlahla se seng le se seng se sebelisa lilithara tse 10 tsa metsi.
Ela hloko! Fafatsa lihlahla letsatsi le leng le le leng hlabula ho boloka mongobo o hlokahalang oa moea.
Ho apara ka holimo
Bakeng sa rhododendron e nyane, ho bohlokoa ho sebelisa menontsha: manyolo a bolileng a hlapolotsoe ka metsing 1:15, tharollo e lokela ho tšeloa matsatsi a 'maloa. Manyolo a matla - hang ka beke ho fihlela qetellong ea lehlabula. Kopanya le nosetsang. Lipalesa li fepa potasiamo le phosphorus, tharollo: 8 g ka 10 l ya metsi.
Mathoasong a selemo, o ka fepa ka manyolo a khethehileng a rarahaneng:
- ammonium sulfate - lihora tse 2;
- superphosphate - 1 tsp;
- potasiamo sulfate - 1 tsp;
Tharollo e hlapollotsoe - 30 g ea motsoako sehlahla se seng le se seng.
Bakeng sa lihlahla tse nyane, lethal dose e fokotsehile ka makhetlo a 1.5 ho isa ho a mabeli.
Ho faola
Ho faola ho etsoa matsatsi a 20 kamora ho fela ha lipalesa. Ho faola khafetsa letlobo la khale ka halofo le hona hoa lakatseha.
Likutu tse senyehileng, makhasi a omisitsoeng le lipalesa li khaola ka nako.
Fetisetsa
K'homphieutha ea rhododendron e nyane e etsoa mathoasong a selemo kapa qetellong ea Loetse. Hangata lihlahla li mamella ho jala hantle, ha feela mohope oa khale oa letsopa o bolokiloe.
U ka itokisetsa mariha joang?
Ho molemo ho koahela mefuta ena ka ho hanyetsa serame se bohareng ka burlap, makala a coniferous. Ba tlosa bolulo nakong ea selemo, ka likarolo, ka ho khetheha ka letsatsi le koahetsoeng ke maru.
Referense! Ho koahela pele ho mariha hoa hlokahala ho thibela metso hore e se ke ea hatsela.
Ho ikatisa
Rhododendron e nyane ka lapeng ea lipalesa e ata ka likhahla:
- Nakong ea selemo, li-cuttings li khaola ka bolelele ba cm 8.
- Li-cuttings li kenngoe ka lihora tse 24 ka tharollo e nang le ts'ehetso ea kholo ea motso.
- Li lenngoe mohahong o khethehileng o lokiselitsoeng ka botebo ba 2 cm.
- Lipeo li mela butle butle haholo.
- Lipeo li lenngoe mobung o bulehileng nakong ea selemo se tlang.
- Lipeo tse nyane li lengoa joala bareng.
Maloetse le tse senyang lijalo
- Hlasela lipalesa le serapa likhofu le li-slugs... U hloka ho li bokella ka letsoho 'me u li senye.
- Sekho sekho senya makhasi le bakoang. Bakeng sa diso tse nyane, ho fafatsa ka metsi a sesepa ho tla thusa.
- Ho tloha likokoana-hloko tsa rhododendron le lintsintsi, likokoanyana tse lekanyang kalafo ea stems le makala a nang le fungicides - karbofos kapa thiram li tla thusa ho felisa.
- Boikokobetso - seoa se tloaelehileng sa lipalesa. Ho fafatsa ka sebolaye likokonyana ho tla thusa mona.
- Ho tloha mosaic ea vaerase ea makhasi Ho sebetsana le substrate ea li-circles tse haufi ho tla thusa, makala a kulang le makhasi a hloka ho khaoloa.
Keletso! Prophylaxis khahlanong le tse senyang lijalo le maloetse e lokela ho phetoa makhetlo a 3 ho isa ho a 4 matsatsing a mang le a mang a 8-10.
Thibelo ea mathata a fapaneng
Ho felisa mafome, hlobo ea phofo, chlorosis, hlobo e bohlooho le li-fungus tse ling, kalafo ea hlokahala - ho nosetsa le ho fafatsa ka fungicides. U ka fepa lipalesa ka potasiamo - menontsha ea phosphorus.
Mathata a ka hlaha ho mongobo oa mobu, substrate e sa tšoaneleheng, manyolo a sebelisitsoeng hampe kapa li-fungus.
Rhododendron e nyane e tla koahela lipalesa tsa lipalesa le libaka ka lipalesa tsa eona feela ka tlhokomelo e nepahetseng, nosetsang e lekaneng le mongobo o motle.